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[[Image:Scudaria_Ferrari_Logo.png|center|100px]]

'''Ferrari''' is an [[Italy|Italian]] manufacturer of racing cars and high-performance sports cars formed by [[Enzo Ferrari]] in 1929. At first, '''[[Scuderia Ferrari]]''' sponsored drivers and manufactured racecars; the company went into independent car production in 1946, eventually became '''Ferrari [[Joint stock company|S.p.A.]]''', and is now controlled by the [[Fiat]] group. The company is based in [[Maranello]], near [[Modena]], [[Italy]].

== History ==
:''See also:''
::''[[Enzo Ferrari]] for the founder's life story''
::''[[History of Ferrari]] for details on the Ferrari automobile company''
::''[[Scuderia Ferrari]] for further history of the Ferrari racing team''

=== 1929-1946 === 

Ferrari founder [[Enzo Ferrari]] never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari in 1929 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in Modena. Ferrari prepared and successfully raced various drivers in [[Alfa Romeo]] cars until 1938, when he was officially hired by Alfa as head of their racing department.

In 1940, upon learning of the company's plan to absorb his beloved Scuderia and take control of his racing efforts, he quit Alfa. Because he was prohibited by contract from racing for several years, the Scuderia briefly became [[Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari]], which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. Ferrari did in fact produce one racecar, the [[Ferrari Tipo 815|Tipo 815]], in the non-competition period; it was thus the first actual Ferrari car, but due to [[World War II]] it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946 to include a works for road car production.

"Scuderia Ferrari" literally means "Ferrari Stable" in keeping with the prancing horse emblem; the name is figuratively translated as "Team Ferrari."

[[image:Ferrari 250 TDF.jpg|thumb|200px'''1957 Ferrari 250 GT Tour De France''']]

=== 1945-present ===
[[Image:Ferrari Prancing Horse.jpg|thumbnail|100px|left|The Prancing Horse decorating the rear of a [[Ferrari 360|360 Modena]]]]
The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 [[Ferrari 125|125 S]], powered by a 1.5&nbsp;L V12 engine; Enzo reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund the Scuderia. While his beautiful and blazingly fast cars quickly gained a reputation for excellence, Enzo maintained a famous distaste for his customers, most of whom he felt were buying his cars for the prestige and not the performance value.

Ferrari road cars, noted for their exquisite styling by design houses such as [[Pininfarina]], have long been one of the ultimate accessories for the rich and young (or young-at-heart). Other design houses that have done work for Ferrari over the years include [[Scaglietti]], [[Bertone]], [[Touring]], [[Ghia]], and [[Vignale]].

Ferrari cars feature highly-tuned small [[V8]] and [[V12]] [[engine]]s, often in a mid-engined configuration; until the introduction of [[fuel injection]] in the 1980s, they were quite temperamental. Until the mid-1980s they carried a reputation for unreliability and bad engineering, though these were written off by enthusiasts as "character." Ferrari owners have famously and religiously defended the merits of their cars while virulently criticizing other brands.

As of 2004, [[FIAT]] owns 56% of Ferrari, [[Mediobanca]] owns 15%, [[Commerzbank]] owns 10%, [[Lehman Brothers]] owns 7%, and Enzo's son [[Piero Ferrari]] owns 10%.

== Racing ==

[[image:Ferrari.F1.Schumacher.jpg|thumb|250px|Schumacher's Ferrari F1]]

''Main article: [[Scuderia Ferrari]]''

[[Enzo Ferrari]]'s true passion, despite his extensive road car business, was always auto racing. His Scuderia started as an independent sponsor for drivers in various cars, but soon became the [[Alfa Romeo]] in-house racing team. After Ferrari's departure from Alfa, he began to design and produce cars of his own; the Ferrari team first appeared on the European grand prix scene after the end of [[World War II]].

The Scuderia joined the [[Formula One]] World Championship in the first year of its existence, 1950. [[José Froilán González]] gave the team its first victory at the 1951 [[British Grand Prix]]. [[Alberto Ascari]] gave Ferrari its first [[List of Formula One Champions|World Championship]] a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team left in the championship, not to mention the most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. As of 2004, the team's records include fourteen World Drivers Championship titles (1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004), fourteen World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, 179 [[Grand Prix motor racing|grand prix]] victories, 3445 and a half points, 544 podium finishes, 174 [[pole position]]s, 11,182 laps led, and 180 fastest laps in 1622 grands prix contested.

Famous drivers include [[Tazio Nuvolari]], [[Juan Manuel Fangio]], [[Alberto Ascari]], [[Phil Hill]], [[Mike Hawthorn]], [[John Surtees]], [[Niki Lauda]], [[Jody Scheckter]], [[Gilles Villeneuve]], [[Nigel Mansell]], [[Alain Prost]] and [[Michael Schumacher]].

== The "Cavallino Rampante" ==

[[Image:FBaracca_1.jpg|thumbnail|right|Count Francesco Baracca]]
The famous symbol of Ferrari is a black prancing [[horse]] on yellow background, usually with the letters ''S F'' for ''Scuderia Ferrari''.

The horse was originally the symbol of Count [[Francesco Baracca]], a legendary "asso" (ace) of the Italian [[air force]] during [[World War I]], who painted it on the side of his planes. Baracca died very young on June 19, 1918, shot down after 34 victorious duels and many team victories; he soon became a national hero.

Baracca had wanted the prancing horse on his planes because his squad, the "Battaglione Aviatori", was enrolled in a [[Cavalry]] regiment (air forces were at their first years of life and had no separate administration), and also because he himself was reputed to be the best ''cavaliere'' of his team. 

[[Image:Scuderia_Ferrari_Logo.jpg|thumbnail|120px|left|The Scuderia Ferrari Logo]]

It has been supposed that the choice of a horse was perhaps partly due to the fact that his noble family was known for having many horses on their estates at [[Lugo di Romagna]]. Another theory suggests Baracca copied the rampant horse design from a shot down German pilot who had the emblem of the city of [[Stuttgart]] on his plane. This is supported by the evidence that Barraca's horse looks more similar to the one of Stuttgart (not changed since 1938) than the current Ferrari design, especially as the legs of the horses are concerned.

Interestingly, rivalling German sports car manufacturer [[Porsche]] designed its logo by embeddeding the prancing horse logo of Stuttgart into the emblem of the state of [[Württemberg]], just like the city is placed within the state. In the 1920s, Ferdinand Porsche had constructed supercharged cars for [[Mercedes-Benz]] in Stuttgart before starting his own engineering company there in the 1930s, designing the [[Auto Union]] race cars, amongst others.

Curiously, the name Stuttgart is derived from '''Stutengarten''', an ancient form of the modern German word '''Gestüt''', which translates into English as '''stud farm''' and into Italian as '''scuderia'''. In turn, the Italians call Stuttgart '''Stoccarda'''. Obviously, the Ferrari-led Alfa team often met the [[Silver Arrow]] teams of [[Mercedes-Benz]] (from Stuttgart itself) and later [[Auto Union]] at race tracks in the 1920s and 30s, so each knew of the other.

[[Image:Stuttgart_coat_of_arms.jpg|thumbnail|120px|left|Coat of Arms of the City of [[Stuttgart]]]]

On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the [[Savio]] track in [[Ravenna]] where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Baracca. The Countess asked that he use the horse on his cars, suggesting that it would grant him good luck, but the first race at which Alfa would let him use the horse on Scuderia cars was eleven years later at [[SPA 24 Hours]] in 1932. Ferrari won.

Ferrari left the horse black as it had been on Baracca's plane; however, he added a [[canary yellow]] background because it was the symbolic color of his birthplace, [[Modena]].

The prancing horse has not always been uniquely identified with the Ferrari brand: [[Fabio Taglioni]] used it on his [[Ducati]]  motorbikes. Taglioni's father was, in fact, a companion of Baracca's and fought with him in the 91st Air Squad. But, as Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse; this may have been the result of a private agreement between the two brands.

The prancing horse is now a trademark of Ferrari.

== List of models ==
Until the mid-1990s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine displacement:
* V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in deciliters) for the first two digits and the number of cylinders as the third.  Thus, the 206 was a 2.0&nbsp;L V6-powered vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4&nbsp;L V8.
* V12 models used the displacement per cylinder (in cubic centimeters) for all three digits.  Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4380&nbsp;cc engine (365 times 12).

Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style.  In general, the following conventions were used:
* '''M''' standing for "Modificata," this suffix is placed to the end of a model's number designation to denote that it is a modified version of its predecessor and not a complete evolution (see [[Ferrari Testarossa#F512M|F512M]] and [[Ferrari 575M Maranello|575M Maranello]]).
* '''GTB''' models are closed [[Berlinetta]]s, or [[coupe]]s
* '''GTS''' models, in older models, are [[convertible]]s (see [[Ferrari Daytona#365 GTS4|365 GTS4]]); however, in late models, this suffix is used for [[targa top]] models (see [[Ferrari 348|348]] [[Ferrari 348#348 GTS|GTS]], and [[Ferrari F355|F355]] [[Ferrari F355#F355 GTS|GTS]]; exception being the [[Ferrari 348|348]] [[Ferrari 348#348 TS|TS]], which is the only targa named differently). The convertible models now use the suffix "Spider" (see [[Ferrari F355|F355]] Spider, and [[Ferrari 360]] Spider).

This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style.  Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not the car's official name given by the factory. The [[Ferrari Daytona#365 GTB4|365 GTB4]] model only became known as a Daytona after racing variants run by N.A.R.T. (North American Racing Team, who raced Ferrari's in America) won the famous 24 hour race of the same name. As well, the [[Ferrari 250 GTO|250 GTO]]'s famous acronym, which means Gran Turismo Omologato, was simply a name the Italian press gave the car which referred to the way Ferrari had, in a sense, avoided the rules and successfully homologated the car for racing purposes (Ferrari had convinced the [[FIA]], somehow, someway, that the 250 GTO was the same car as previous [[Ferrari 250|250]]'s). This was done probably to avoid confusion with the multiple 250 models which were produced before the GTO.

In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice quickly abandoned after the [[Ferrari Testarossa#F512M|F512M]] and [[Ferrari F355|F355]], but recently picked up again with the [[Ferrari F430|F430]]).

=== Road Models and Photos (click on the appropriate item) ===
{{Early Ferrari vehicles}}<br>
{{Ferrari vehicles}}<br>
[[Image:WOIshow.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Ferrari's at the Wheels Of Italy Show in Minneapolis, MN]]

====Sports cars====

Ferrari's earliest models were pure sports cars, not the exotics we know today.

* 1948-1950 '''[[Ferrari 166|166]]'''
* 1951 '''[[Ferrari 195|195]]''' Coupe
* 1951-1952 '''[[Ferrari 212|212]]''' Coupe/Cabriolet
* 1952 '''[[Ferrari 340#340 MM|340 MM]]''' Berlinetta/Spider

====Mid-engine V6/V8====

[[Image:308.jpg|thumb|250px|right]]

The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari.  This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s.  V6 and V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production.

* 1968-1975 '''[[Ferrari Dino|Dino]]'''
** 1968-1973 Dino 206GT
** 1968-1973 Dino 246GT/GTS
* 1975-1989 '''[[Ferrari 308GTB|208/308/328 GTB/GTS]]'''
** 1975 [[Ferrari 308#308 GTB|308 GTB]]/[[Ferrari 308#308 GTS|GTS]]
** 1980 [[Ferrari 308#208 GTB|208 GTB]]/[[Ferrari 308#208 GTS|GTS]]
** 1980 [[Ferrari 308#308 GTBi|308 GTBi]]/[[Ferrari 308#308 GTSi|GTSi]]
** 1982 [[Ferrari 308#208 GTB Turbo|208 GTB]]/[[Ferrari 308#208 GTS Turbo|GTS]] [[Turbo]]
** 1982 [[Ferrari 308#308 GTB Quattrovalvole|308 GTB]]/[[Ferrari 308#308 GTS Quattrovalvole|GTS]] Quattrovalvole
** 1985 [[Ferrari 308#328 GTB|328 GTB]] Berlinetta
** 1986 [[Ferrari 308#GTB Turbo|GTB]]/[[Ferrari 308#GTS Turbo|GTS]] [[Turbo]]
* 1989 '''[[Ferrari 348|348]]'''
** 1989 [[Ferrari 348#348 TB|348 TB]]/[[Ferrari 348#348 TS|TS]]
** 1993 [[Ferrari 348#348 GTB|348 GTB]]/[[Ferrari 348#348 GTS|GTS]]
* 1995-1998 '''[[Ferrari F355|F355]]'''
** 1994 [[Ferrari F355#F355|F355]]/[[Ferrari F355#F355 GTS|GTS]]
** 1997 [[Ferrari F355#355 F1|355 F1]]
* 1999-2004 '''[[Ferrari 360]]'''
** 1999-2004 360 Modena/Spider
** 2003-2004 Challenge Stradale
* 2005 '''[[Ferrari F430|F430]]'''

====2-seat Gran Turismo====
Ferrari quickly moved into the Gran Turismo market, and the bulk of the company's sales remain in this area.

* 1952-1967 '''[[Ferrari America|America]]'''
** 1952 [[Ferrari America#340 America|340 America]]
** 1953 [[Ferrari America#375 America|375 America]]
** 1956 [[Ferrari America#410 superamerica|410 superamerica]]
** 1957 [[Ferrari America#410 superamerica III|410 superamerica III]]
** 1960 [[Ferrari America#400 superamerica|400 superamerica]]
** 1964 [[Ferrari America#500 Superfast|500 Superfast]]
** 1966 [[Ferrari America#365 California|365 California]]
* 1953-1962 '''[[Ferrari 250|250]]'''
** 1952 [[Ferrari 250#250S|250S/250MM]]
** 1953 [[Ferrari 250#250 Export/Europa|250 Export/Europa]]
** 1954-1963 [[Ferrari 250#250 GT|250 GT Europa/Boano/Ellena/Coupe Pininfarina/Lusso]]
** 1957-1960 [[Ferrari 250#Sports cars|250 GT Berlinetta/Cabriolet/California Spyder/SWB]]
* 1964 '''[[Ferrari 330|330]]'''
** 1966 [[Ferrari 330#330 GTC|330 GTC]] Coupe
** 1966 [[Ferrari 330#330 GTS|330 GTS]] Spider
* 1964-1968 '''[[Ferrari 275|275]]'''
** 1964-1965 [[Ferrari 275#275 GTB|275 GTB]]/[[Ferrari 275#275 GTS|GTS]]
** 1966-1968 [[Ferrari 275#275 GTB4|275 GTB/4]]
* 1968 '''[[Ferrari 365|365]]'''
** 1968-1969 [[Ferrari 365#365 GTC|365 GTC]] Coupe
** 1969-1970 [[Ferrari 365#365 GTS|365 GTS]] Spider
* 1968-1973 '''[[Ferrari Daytona|Daytona]]'''
** 1968 [[Ferrari Daytona#365 GTB4|365 GTB4]]/[[Ferrari Daytona#365 GTS4|365 GTS4]]
* 1996-2001 '''[[Ferrari 550 Maranello|550 Maranello]]'''
** 1996-2000 [[Ferrari 550#550 Maranello|550 Maranello]] Coupe
** 2001 [[Ferrari 550#550 Barchetta|550 Barchetta]]
* 2002-2004 '''[[Ferrari 575M Maranello|575M Maranello]]'''
** 2004 [[Ferrari 575M Maranello|Barchetta]]
** 2005 [[Ferrari 575M Maranello|Superamerica]]
* 2006 '''[[Ferrari 600 Imola]]'''

====Mid-engine 2+2====

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Ferrari.dino.arp.750pix.jpg/250px-Ferrari.dino.arp.750pix.jpg

For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars.  Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were very closely-related to the 308 GTB.

* 1974-1980 '''[[Ferrari GT4|208/308 GT4]]'''
** 1974-1975 [[Ferrari GT4#308 GT4|''Dino'' 308GT4]]
** 1976-1980 [[Ferrari GT4#308 GT4|308GT4]]
** 1975 [[Ferrari GT4#208 GT4|208 GT4]]
* 1980 '''[[Ferrari Mondial|Mondial]]'''
** 1980 [[Ferrari Mondial#Mondial 8|Mondial 8]]
** 1982 [[Ferrari Mondial#Mondial Quattrovalvole|Mondial Quattrovalvole]]
** 1983 [[Ferrari Mondial#Mondial Cabriolet|Mondial Cabriolet]]
** 1985 [[Ferrari Mondial#3.2 Mondial|3.2 Mondial]]/[[Ferrari Mondial#3.2 Cabriolet|3.2 Cabriolet]]
** 1989 [[Ferrari Mondial#Mondial T|Mondial T]]

====Front-engine-2+2====

http://www.manager-magazin.de/img/0,1020,302408,00.jpg

The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the current 612 Scaglietti.

* 1960-1963 '''[[Ferrari 250|250]]'''
** 1960-1963 [[Ferrari 250#250 GT|250 GT 2+2]]
* 1964-1967 '''[[Ferrari 330|330]]'''
** 1964-1967 [[Ferrari 330#330 GT|330 GT 2+2]]
* 1967-1971 '''[[Ferrari 365|365]]'''
** 1967-1971 [[Ferrari 365#365 GT|365 GT 2+2]]
* 1968-1973 '''[[Ferrari Daytona|365 Daytona]]'''
** 1971-1972 [[Ferrari Daytona#365 GTC4|365 GTC4]]
** 1972-1976 [[Ferrari Daytona#365 GT4|365 GT4 2+2]]
* 1976-1989 '''[[Ferrari 400|400/412]]'''
** 1976 [[Ferrari 400#400 Automatic|400 Automatic]]
** 1979 [[Ferrari 400#400i|400i]]
** 1985 [[Ferrari 400#412|412]]
* 1992-2003 '''[[Ferrari 456|456/456M]]'''
** 1992-1997 [[Ferrari 456#456 GT|456 GT/GTA]] Coupe
** 1998-2003 [[Ferrari 456#456M GT|456M GT]] Coupe
* 2004-2005 '''[[Ferrari 612 Scaglietti|612 Scaglietti]]'''

====Mid-engine 12-cylinder====

Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the flattened Berlinetta Boxer in 1971.  The later Testarossa remains one of the most famous Ferraris.

* 1971-1984 '''[[Ferrari 512 Berlinetta Boxer|512 Berlinetta Boxer]]'''
** 1971 [[Ferrari 512 Berlinetta Boxer#365 GT4 BB|365 GT4 BB]]
** 1976 [[Ferrari 512 Berlinetta Boxer#512BB|512BB]] 
** 1981 [[Ferrari 512 Berlinetta Boxer#512iBB|512iBB]]
* 1984-1996 '''[[Ferrari Testarossa|Testarossa]]'''
** 1984-1992 [[Ferrari Testarossa#Testarossa|Testarossa]]
** 1992-1994 [[Ferrari Testarossa#512TR|512TR]]
** 1994-1996 [[Ferrari Testarossa#F512M|F512M]]

====Supercars====

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Scarsdale_Concours_Enzo_2.jpg/250px-Scarsdale_Concours_Enzo_2.jpg
The company's loftiest efforts have been in the supercar market.

* 1962 '''[[Ferrari 250 GTO|250 GTO]]'''
* 1984 '''[[Ferrari GTO|288 GTO]]'''
* 1988-1992 '''[[Ferrari F40|F40]]'''
* 1995-1997 '''[[Ferrari F50|F50]]'''
* 2003 '''[[Ferrari Enzo Ferrari|Enzo Ferrari]]'''
* 2007 '''[[Ferrari 599| Ferrari 599]]'''

=== Competition models ===

==== Current ====

*[[Ferrari 360 GTC|360 GTC]]
*[[Ferrari 360 Challenge|360 Challenge]]
*[[Ferrari 575 GTC|575 GTC]]
*[[Ferrari FXX|FXX]]

==== Past ====

[[Image:RL 1958 Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa 34.JPG|right|thumb|250px|1958 Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa from the [[Ralph Lauren]] collection]]

* 1947 [[Ferrari 125|125 Sport]]
* 1948 [[Ferrari 166|166]]
* 1949 [[Ferrari 125 F1|125 F1]]
* 1951 [[Ferrari America|340 America]]
* 1952 [[Ferrari 250#250MM|250MM]]
* 1953 [[Ferrari America|340 MM]]
* 1953 [[Ferrari America|375 MM]]
* 1954 [[Ferrari 750 Monza|750 Monza]]
* 1954 [[Ferrari 250#250 Monza|250 Monza]]
* 1956 [[Ferrari TR#250 Testa Rossa|250 Testa Rossa]]
* 1960 [[Ferrari TR#250 TR|250 TR60/61]]
* 1962 [[Ferrari 250 GTO|GTO]]
** 1962 [[Ferrari 250 GTO|250 GTO]]
** 1963 [[Ferrari 330#330 LMB|330 LMB]]
* 1963 [[Ferrari P|P/LM series]]
** 1963 [[Ferrari P#250 P|250 P]]
** 1964 [[Ferrari P#250 LM|250 LM]]
** 1964 [[Ferrari P#330 P|330 P]]
** 1965 [[Ferrari P#330 P2|330 P2]]
** 1966 [[Ferrari P#330 P3|330 P3]]
** 1967 [[Ferrari P#330 P4|330 P4]]
** 1968 [[Ferrari P#412 P|412 P]]
* 1969 [[Ferrari 312 P|312 P]]
* 1969 [[Ferrari 512 S|512 S]]
* 1971 [[Ferrari 312 PB|312 PB]]
* 1994 [[Ferrari 333 SP|333 SP]]
* 1996 [[Ferrari F50|F50 GT]]

== See also ==

* [[List of automobile manufacturers]]
* [[List of Italian companies]]
* [[List of Ferrari engines]]

== External links ==

* [http://ferrariworld.com The official Ferrari website] (in Italian, English and German)
* [http://galleriaferrari.com The Galleria Ferrari museum website] (in Italian and English)
* [http://www.ferrariforum.com Ferrari Forum] - Networking the Ferrari World
* [http://ferrarichat.com An online Ferrari community]
* [http://www.myautoworld.com/autos/ferrari/ferrari.html myAutoWorld.com] Ferrari Profiles and Reviews