Difference between revisions of "Ferrari"
| (23 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Scudaria_Ferrari_Logo.png|center|100px]] | |
| − | '''Ferrari''' is an [[Italy|Italian]] manufacturer of racing cars and high-performance sports cars formed by [[Enzo Ferrari]] in | + | '''Ferrari''' is an [[Italy|Italian]] manufacturer of racing cars and high-performance sports cars formed by [[Enzo Ferrari]] in 1929. At first, '''[[Scuderia Ferrari]]''' sponsored drivers and manufactured racecars; the company went into independent car production in 1946, eventually became '''Ferrari [[Joint stock company|S.p.A.]]''', and is now controlled by the [[Fiat]] group. The company is based in [[Maranello]], near [[Modena]], [[Italy]]. |
== History == | == History == | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
=== 1929-1946 === | === 1929-1946 === | ||
| − | Ferrari founder [[Enzo Ferrari]] never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari in | + | Ferrari founder [[Enzo Ferrari]] never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari in 1929 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in Modena. Ferrari prepared and successfully raced various drivers in [[Alfa Romeo]] cars until 1938, when he was officially hired by Alfa as head of their racing department. |
| − | In | + | In 1940, upon learning of the company's plan to absorb his beloved Scuderia and take control of his racing efforts, he quit Alfa. Because he was prohibited by contract from racing for several years, the Scuderia briefly became [[Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari]], which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. Ferrari did in fact produce one racecar, the [[Ferrari Tipo 815|Tipo 815]], in the non-competition period; it was thus the first actual Ferrari car, but due to [[World War II]] it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946 to include a works for road car production. |
| − | + | "Scuderia Ferrari" literally means "Ferrari Stable" in keeping with the prancing horse emblem; the name is figuratively translated as "Team Ferrari." | |
| − | + | [[image:Ferrari 250 TDF.jpg|thumb|200px'''1957 Ferrari 250 GT Tour De France''']] | |
=== 1945-present === | === 1945-present === | ||
[[Image:Ferrari Prancing Horse.jpg|thumbnail|100px|left|The Prancing Horse decorating the rear of a [[Ferrari 360|360 Modena]]]] | [[Image:Ferrari Prancing Horse.jpg|thumbnail|100px|left|The Prancing Horse decorating the rear of a [[Ferrari 360|360 Modena]]]] | ||
| − | The first Ferrari road car was the | + | The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 [[Ferrari 125|125 S]], powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund the Scuderia. While his beautiful and blazingly fast cars quickly gained a reputation for excellence, Enzo maintained a famous distaste for his customers, most of whom he felt were buying his cars for the prestige and not the performance value. |
Ferrari road cars, noted for their exquisite styling by design houses such as [[Pininfarina]], have long been one of the ultimate accessories for the rich and young (or young-at-heart). Other design houses that have done work for Ferrari over the years include [[Scaglietti]], [[Bertone]], [[Touring]], [[Ghia]], and [[Vignale]]. | Ferrari road cars, noted for their exquisite styling by design houses such as [[Pininfarina]], have long been one of the ultimate accessories for the rich and young (or young-at-heart). Other design houses that have done work for Ferrari over the years include [[Scaglietti]], [[Bertone]], [[Touring]], [[Ghia]], and [[Vignale]]. | ||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
Ferrari cars feature highly-tuned small [[V8]] and [[V12]] [[engine]]s, often in a mid-engined configuration; until the introduction of [[fuel injection]] in the 1980s, they were quite temperamental. Until the mid-1980s they carried a reputation for unreliability and bad engineering, though these were written off by enthusiasts as "character." Ferrari owners have famously and religiously defended the merits of their cars while virulently criticizing other brands. | Ferrari cars feature highly-tuned small [[V8]] and [[V12]] [[engine]]s, often in a mid-engined configuration; until the introduction of [[fuel injection]] in the 1980s, they were quite temperamental. Until the mid-1980s they carried a reputation for unreliability and bad engineering, though these were written off by enthusiasts as "character." Ferrari owners have famously and religiously defended the merits of their cars while virulently criticizing other brands. | ||
| − | As of | + | As of 2004, [[FIAT]] owns 56% of Ferrari, [[Mediobanca]] owns 15%, [[Commerzbank]] owns 10%, [[Lehman Brothers]] owns 7%, and Enzo's son [[Piero Ferrari]] owns 10%. |
== Racing == | == Racing == | ||
| − | + | [[image:Ferrari.F1.Schumacher.jpg|thumb|250px|Schumacher's Ferrari F1]] | |
''Main article: [[Scuderia Ferrari]]'' | ''Main article: [[Scuderia Ferrari]]'' | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
[[Enzo Ferrari]]'s true passion, despite his extensive road car business, was always auto racing. His Scuderia started as an independent sponsor for drivers in various cars, but soon became the [[Alfa Romeo]] in-house racing team. After Ferrari's departure from Alfa, he began to design and produce cars of his own; the Ferrari team first appeared on the European grand prix scene after the end of [[World War II]]. | [[Enzo Ferrari]]'s true passion, despite his extensive road car business, was always auto racing. His Scuderia started as an independent sponsor for drivers in various cars, but soon became the [[Alfa Romeo]] in-house racing team. After Ferrari's departure from Alfa, he began to design and produce cars of his own; the Ferrari team first appeared on the European grand prix scene after the end of [[World War II]]. | ||
| − | The Scuderia joined the [[Formula One]] World Championship in the first year of its existence, | + | The Scuderia joined the [[Formula One]] World Championship in the first year of its existence, 1950. [[José Froilán González]] gave the team its first victory at the 1951 [[British Grand Prix]]. [[Alberto Ascari]] gave Ferrari its first [[List of Formula One Champions|World Championship]] a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team left in the championship, not to mention the most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. As of 2004, the team's records include fourteen World Drivers Championship titles (1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004), fourteen World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, 179 [[Grand Prix motor racing|grand prix]] victories, 3445 and a half points, 544 podium finishes, 174 [[pole position]]s, 11,182 laps led, and 180 fastest laps in 1622 grands prix contested. |
Famous drivers include [[Tazio Nuvolari]], [[Juan Manuel Fangio]], [[Alberto Ascari]], [[Phil Hill]], [[Mike Hawthorn]], [[John Surtees]], [[Niki Lauda]], [[Jody Scheckter]], [[Gilles Villeneuve]], [[Nigel Mansell]], [[Alain Prost]] and [[Michael Schumacher]]. | Famous drivers include [[Tazio Nuvolari]], [[Juan Manuel Fangio]], [[Alberto Ascari]], [[Phil Hill]], [[Mike Hawthorn]], [[John Surtees]], [[Niki Lauda]], [[Jody Scheckter]], [[Gilles Villeneuve]], [[Nigel Mansell]], [[Alain Prost]] and [[Michael Schumacher]]. | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
== The "Cavallino Rampante" == | == The "Cavallino Rampante" == | ||
| − | + | [[Image:FBaracca_1.jpg|thumbnail|right|Count Francesco Baracca]] | |
The famous symbol of Ferrari is a black prancing [[horse]] on yellow background, usually with the letters ''S F'' for ''Scuderia Ferrari''. | The famous symbol of Ferrari is a black prancing [[horse]] on yellow background, usually with the letters ''S F'' for ''Scuderia Ferrari''. | ||
| − | The horse was originally the symbol of Count [[Francesco Baracca]], a legendary "asso" (ace) of the Italian [[air force]] during [[World War I]], who painted it on the side of his planes. Baracca died very young on | + | The horse was originally the symbol of Count [[Francesco Baracca]], a legendary "asso" (ace) of the Italian [[air force]] during [[World War I]], who painted it on the side of his planes. Baracca died very young on June 19, 1918, shot down after 34 victorious duels and many team victories; he soon became a national hero. |
Baracca had wanted the prancing horse on his planes because his squad, the "Battaglione Aviatori", was enrolled in a [[Cavalry]] regiment (air forces were at their first years of life and had no separate administration), and also because he himself was reputed to be the best ''cavaliere'' of his team. | Baracca had wanted the prancing horse on his planes because his squad, the "Battaglione Aviatori", was enrolled in a [[Cavalry]] regiment (air forces were at their first years of life and had no separate administration), and also because he himself was reputed to be the best ''cavaliere'' of his team. | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Scuderia_Ferrari_Logo.jpg|thumbnail|120px|left|The Scuderia Ferrari Logo]] | |
It has been supposed that the choice of a horse was perhaps partly due to the fact that his noble family was known for having many horses on their estates at [[Lugo di Romagna]]. Another theory suggests Baracca copied the rampant horse design from a shot down German pilot who had the emblem of the city of [[Stuttgart]] on his plane. This is supported by the evidence that Barraca's horse looks more similar to the one of Stuttgart (not changed since 1938) than the current Ferrari design, especially as the legs of the horses are concerned. | It has been supposed that the choice of a horse was perhaps partly due to the fact that his noble family was known for having many horses on their estates at [[Lugo di Romagna]]. Another theory suggests Baracca copied the rampant horse design from a shot down German pilot who had the emblem of the city of [[Stuttgart]] on his plane. This is supported by the evidence that Barraca's horse looks more similar to the one of Stuttgart (not changed since 1938) than the current Ferrari design, especially as the legs of the horses are concerned. | ||
| Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
Curiously, the name Stuttgart is derived from '''Stutengarten''', an ancient form of the modern German word '''Gestüt''', which translates into English as '''stud farm''' and into Italian as '''scuderia'''. In turn, the Italians call Stuttgart '''Stoccarda'''. Obviously, the Ferrari-led Alfa team often met the [[Silver Arrow]] teams of [[Mercedes-Benz]] (from Stuttgart itself) and later [[Auto Union]] at race tracks in the 1920s and 30s, so each knew of the other. | Curiously, the name Stuttgart is derived from '''Stutengarten''', an ancient form of the modern German word '''Gestüt''', which translates into English as '''stud farm''' and into Italian as '''scuderia'''. In turn, the Italians call Stuttgart '''Stoccarda'''. Obviously, the Ferrari-led Alfa team often met the [[Silver Arrow]] teams of [[Mercedes-Benz]] (from Stuttgart itself) and later [[Auto Union]] at race tracks in the 1920s and 30s, so each knew of the other. | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Stuttgart_coat_of_arms.jpg|thumbnail|120px|left|Coat of Arms of the City of [[Stuttgart]]]] | |
| − | On | + | On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the [[Savio]] track in [[Ravenna]] where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Baracca. The Countess asked that he use the horse on his cars, suggesting that it would grant him good luck, but the first race at which Alfa would let him use the horse on Scuderia cars was eleven years later at [[SPA 24 Hours]] in 1932. Ferrari won. |
Ferrari left the horse black as it had been on Baracca's plane; however, he added a [[canary yellow]] background because it was the symbolic color of his birthplace, [[Modena]]. | Ferrari left the horse black as it had been on Baracca's plane; however, he added a [[canary yellow]] background because it was the symbolic color of his birthplace, [[Modena]]. | ||
| Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
The prancing horse has not always been uniquely identified with the Ferrari brand: [[Fabio Taglioni]] used it on his [[Ducati]] motorbikes. Taglioni's father was, in fact, a companion of Baracca's and fought with him in the 91st Air Squad. But, as Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse; this may have been the result of a private agreement between the two brands. | The prancing horse has not always been uniquely identified with the Ferrari brand: [[Fabio Taglioni]] used it on his [[Ducati]] motorbikes. Taglioni's father was, in fact, a companion of Baracca's and fought with him in the 91st Air Squad. But, as Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse; this may have been the result of a private agreement between the two brands. | ||
| − | The prancing horse is now a | + | The prancing horse is now a trademark of Ferrari. |
== List of models == | == List of models == | ||
| − | Until the mid- | + | Until the mid-1990s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine displacement: |
* V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in deciliters) for the first two digits and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6-powered vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4 L V8. | * V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in deciliters) for the first two digits and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6-powered vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4 L V8. | ||
* V12 models used the displacement per cylinder (in cubic centimeters) for all three digits. Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4380 cc engine (365 times 12). | * V12 models used the displacement per cylinder (in cubic centimeters) for all three digits. Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4380 cc engine (365 times 12). | ||
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
* '''GTB''' models are closed [[Berlinetta]]s, or [[coupe]]s | * '''GTB''' models are closed [[Berlinetta]]s, or [[coupe]]s | ||
* '''GTS''' models, in older models, are [[convertible]]s (see [[Ferrari Daytona#365 GTS4|365 GTS4]]); however, in late models, this suffix is used for [[targa top]] models (see [[Ferrari 348|348]] [[Ferrari 348#348 GTS|GTS]], and [[Ferrari F355|F355]] [[Ferrari F355#F355 GTS|GTS]]; exception being the [[Ferrari 348|348]] [[Ferrari 348#348 TS|TS]], which is the only targa named differently). The convertible models now use the suffix "Spider" (see [[Ferrari F355|F355]] Spider, and [[Ferrari 360]] Spider). | * '''GTS''' models, in older models, are [[convertible]]s (see [[Ferrari Daytona#365 GTS4|365 GTS4]]); however, in late models, this suffix is used for [[targa top]] models (see [[Ferrari 348|348]] [[Ferrari 348#348 GTS|GTS]], and [[Ferrari F355|F355]] [[Ferrari F355#F355 GTS|GTS]]; exception being the [[Ferrari 348|348]] [[Ferrari 348#348 TS|TS]], which is the only targa named differently). The convertible models now use the suffix "Spider" (see [[Ferrari F355|F355]] Spider, and [[Ferrari 360]] Spider). | ||
| − | + | ||
This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not the car's official name given by the factory. The [[Ferrari Daytona#365 GTB4|365 GTB4]] model only became known as a Daytona after racing variants run by N.A.R.T. (North American Racing Team, who raced Ferrari's in America) won the famous 24 hour race of the same name. As well, the [[Ferrari 250 GTO|250 GTO]]'s famous acronym, which means Gran Turismo Omologato, was simply a name the Italian press gave the car which referred to the way Ferrari had, in a sense, avoided the rules and successfully homologated the car for racing purposes (Ferrari had convinced the [[FIA]], somehow, someway, that the 250 GTO was the same car as previous [[Ferrari 250|250]]'s). This was done probably to avoid confusion with the multiple 250 models which were produced before the GTO. | This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not the car's official name given by the factory. The [[Ferrari Daytona#365 GTB4|365 GTB4]] model only became known as a Daytona after racing variants run by N.A.R.T. (North American Racing Team, who raced Ferrari's in America) won the famous 24 hour race of the same name. As well, the [[Ferrari 250 GTO|250 GTO]]'s famous acronym, which means Gran Turismo Omologato, was simply a name the Italian press gave the car which referred to the way Ferrari had, in a sense, avoided the rules and successfully homologated the car for racing purposes (Ferrari had convinced the [[FIA]], somehow, someway, that the 250 GTO was the same car as previous [[Ferrari 250|250]]'s). This was done probably to avoid confusion with the multiple 250 models which were produced before the GTO. | ||
In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice quickly abandoned after the [[Ferrari Testarossa#F512M|F512M]] and [[Ferrari F355|F355]], but recently picked up again with the [[Ferrari F430|F430]]). | In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice quickly abandoned after the [[Ferrari Testarossa#F512M|F512M]] and [[Ferrari F355|F355]], but recently picked up again with the [[Ferrari F430|F430]]). | ||
| − | === Road | + | === Road Models and Photos (click on the appropriate item) === |
{{Early Ferrari vehicles}}<br> | {{Early Ferrari vehicles}}<br> | ||
{{Ferrari vehicles}}<br> | {{Ferrari vehicles}}<br> | ||
| − | + | [[Image:WOIshow.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Ferrari's at the Wheels Of Italy Show in Minneapolis, MN]] | |
====Sports cars==== | ====Sports cars==== | ||
| Line 98: | Line 98: | ||
====Mid-engine V6/V8==== | ====Mid-engine V6/V8==== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:308.jpg|thumb|250px|right]] | |
The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. V6 and V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production. | The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. V6 and V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production. | ||
| Line 223: | Line 223: | ||
* 1995-1997 '''[[Ferrari F50|F50]]''' | * 1995-1997 '''[[Ferrari F50|F50]]''' | ||
* 2003 '''[[Ferrari Enzo Ferrari|Enzo Ferrari]]''' | * 2003 '''[[Ferrari Enzo Ferrari|Enzo Ferrari]]''' | ||
| + | * 2007 '''[[Ferrari 599| Ferrari 599]]''' | ||
=== Competition models === | === Competition models === | ||
| Line 266: | Line 267: | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
* [[List of automobile manufacturers]] | * [[List of automobile manufacturers]] | ||
| Line 280: | Line 279: | ||
* [http://ferrarichat.com An online Ferrari community] | * [http://ferrarichat.com An online Ferrari community] | ||
* [http://www.myautoworld.com/autos/ferrari/ferrari.html myAutoWorld.com] Ferrari Profiles and Reviews | * [http://www.myautoworld.com/autos/ferrari/ferrari.html myAutoWorld.com] Ferrari Profiles and Reviews | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
Revision as of 19:55, 23 January 2006
Ferrari is an Italian manufacturer of racing cars and high-performance sports cars formed by Enzo Ferrari in 1929. At first, Scuderia Ferrari sponsored drivers and manufactured racecars; the company went into independent car production in 1946, eventually became Ferrari S.p.A., and is now controlled by the Fiat group. The company is based in Maranello, near Modena, Italy.
History
- See also:
- Enzo Ferrari for the founder's life story
- History of Ferrari for details on the Ferrari automobile company
- Scuderia Ferrari for further history of the Ferrari racing team
1929-1946
Ferrari founder Enzo Ferrari never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari in 1929 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in Modena. Ferrari prepared and successfully raced various drivers in Alfa Romeo cars until 1938, when he was officially hired by Alfa as head of their racing department.
In 1940, upon learning of the company's plan to absorb his beloved Scuderia and take control of his racing efforts, he quit Alfa. Because he was prohibited by contract from racing for several years, the Scuderia briefly became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. Ferrari did in fact produce one racecar, the Tipo 815, in the non-competition period; it was thus the first actual Ferrari car, but due to World War II it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946 to include a works for road car production.
"Scuderia Ferrari" literally means "Ferrari Stable" in keeping with the prancing horse emblem; the name is figuratively translated as "Team Ferrari."
1945-present
The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund the Scuderia. While his beautiful and blazingly fast cars quickly gained a reputation for excellence, Enzo maintained a famous distaste for his customers, most of whom he felt were buying his cars for the prestige and not the performance value.
Ferrari road cars, noted for their exquisite styling by design houses such as Pininfarina, have long been one of the ultimate accessories for the rich and young (or young-at-heart). Other design houses that have done work for Ferrari over the years include Scaglietti, Bertone, Touring, Ghia, and Vignale.
Ferrari cars feature highly-tuned small V8 and V12 engines, often in a mid-engined configuration; until the introduction of fuel injection in the 1980s, they were quite temperamental. Until the mid-1980s they carried a reputation for unreliability and bad engineering, though these were written off by enthusiasts as "character." Ferrari owners have famously and religiously defended the merits of their cars while virulently criticizing other brands.
As of 2004, FIAT owns 56% of Ferrari, Mediobanca owns 15%, Commerzbank owns 10%, Lehman Brothers owns 7%, and Enzo's son Piero Ferrari owns 10%.
Racing
Main article: Scuderia Ferrari
Enzo Ferrari's true passion, despite his extensive road car business, was always auto racing. His Scuderia started as an independent sponsor for drivers in various cars, but soon became the Alfa Romeo in-house racing team. After Ferrari's departure from Alfa, he began to design and produce cars of his own; the Ferrari team first appeared on the European grand prix scene after the end of World War II.
The Scuderia joined the Formula One World Championship in the first year of its existence, 1950. José Froilán González gave the team its first victory at the 1951 British Grand Prix. Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its first World Championship a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team left in the championship, not to mention the most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. As of 2004, the team's records include fourteen World Drivers Championship titles (1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004), fourteen World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, 179 grand prix victories, 3445 and a half points, 544 podium finishes, 174 pole positions, 11,182 laps led, and 180 fastest laps in 1622 grands prix contested.
Famous drivers include Tazio Nuvolari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Alberto Ascari, Phil Hill, Mike Hawthorn, John Surtees, Niki Lauda, Jody Scheckter, Gilles Villeneuve, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost and Michael Schumacher.
The "Cavallino Rampante"
The famous symbol of Ferrari is a black prancing horse on yellow background, usually with the letters S F for Scuderia Ferrari.
The horse was originally the symbol of Count Francesco Baracca, a legendary "asso" (ace) of the Italian air force during World War I, who painted it on the side of his planes. Baracca died very young on June 19, 1918, shot down after 34 victorious duels and many team victories; he soon became a national hero.
Baracca had wanted the prancing horse on his planes because his squad, the "Battaglione Aviatori", was enrolled in a Cavalry regiment (air forces were at their first years of life and had no separate administration), and also because he himself was reputed to be the best cavaliere of his team.
It has been supposed that the choice of a horse was perhaps partly due to the fact that his noble family was known for having many horses on their estates at Lugo di Romagna. Another theory suggests Baracca copied the rampant horse design from a shot down German pilot who had the emblem of the city of Stuttgart on his plane. This is supported by the evidence that Barraca's horse looks more similar to the one of Stuttgart (not changed since 1938) than the current Ferrari design, especially as the legs of the horses are concerned.
Interestingly, rivalling German sports car manufacturer Porsche designed its logo by embeddeding the prancing horse logo of Stuttgart into the emblem of the state of Württemberg, just like the city is placed within the state. In the 1920s, Ferdinand Porsche had constructed supercharged cars for Mercedes-Benz in Stuttgart before starting his own engineering company there in the 1930s, designing the Auto Union race cars, amongst others.
Curiously, the name Stuttgart is derived from Stutengarten, an ancient form of the modern German word Gestüt, which translates into English as stud farm and into Italian as scuderia. In turn, the Italians call Stuttgart Stoccarda. Obviously, the Ferrari-led Alfa team often met the Silver Arrow teams of Mercedes-Benz (from Stuttgart itself) and later Auto Union at race tracks in the 1920s and 30s, so each knew of the other.
On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Baracca. The Countess asked that he use the horse on his cars, suggesting that it would grant him good luck, but the first race at which Alfa would let him use the horse on Scuderia cars was eleven years later at SPA 24 Hours in 1932. Ferrari won.
Ferrari left the horse black as it had been on Baracca's plane; however, he added a canary yellow background because it was the symbolic color of his birthplace, Modena.
The prancing horse has not always been uniquely identified with the Ferrari brand: Fabio Taglioni used it on his Ducati motorbikes. Taglioni's father was, in fact, a companion of Baracca's and fought with him in the 91st Air Squad. But, as Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse; this may have been the result of a private agreement between the two brands.
The prancing horse is now a trademark of Ferrari.
List of models
Until the mid-1990s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine displacement:
- V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in deciliters) for the first two digits and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6-powered vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4 L V8.
- V12 models used the displacement per cylinder (in cubic centimeters) for all three digits. Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4380 cc engine (365 times 12).
Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. In general, the following conventions were used:
- M standing for "Modificata," this suffix is placed to the end of a model's number designation to denote that it is a modified version of its predecessor and not a complete evolution (see F512M and 575M Maranello).
- GTB models are closed Berlinettas, or coupes
- GTS models, in older models, are convertibles (see 365 GTS4); however, in late models, this suffix is used for targa top models (see 348 GTS, and F355 GTS; exception being the 348 TS, which is the only targa named differently). The convertible models now use the suffix "Spider" (see F355 Spider, and Ferrari 360 Spider).
This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not the car's official name given by the factory. The 365 GTB4 model only became known as a Daytona after racing variants run by N.A.R.T. (North American Racing Team, who raced Ferrari's in America) won the famous 24 hour race of the same name. As well, the 250 GTO's famous acronym, which means Gran Turismo Omologato, was simply a name the Italian press gave the car which referred to the way Ferrari had, in a sense, avoided the rules and successfully homologated the car for racing purposes (Ferrari had convinced the FIA, somehow, someway, that the 250 GTO was the same car as previous 250's). This was done probably to avoid confusion with the multiple 250 models which were produced before the GTO.
In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice quickly abandoned after the F512M and F355, but recently picked up again with the F430).
Road Models and Photos (click on the appropriate item)
| Ferrari timeline, 1948-1967 | Ferrari road car timeline 1960s-1990s > | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Type | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | |||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| Sports | 125 S | 166 S+166 SC | 195 S | 212 Exp | 225 S | 250 MM | 250 Monza | 250 GT Tour de France | 250 GT SWB | 250 GTO | 250 LM | |||||||||||
| 159 S | 250 S | 250 Export | ||||||||||||||||||||
| GT | 166 Inter | 195 Inter | 212 Inter | 250 Europa | 250 GT Europa | 250 GT Boano | 250 GT Ellena | 250 GT Coupe PF | 250 GT Lusso | 330 GTC | 365 GTC | |||||||||||
| 275 GTB | 275 GTB/4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Spyder/Cabriolet | 250 GT | 275 GTS | 330 GTS | 365 GTS | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2 plus 2 | 250 GT/E | 330 GT | 365 GT | |||||||||||||||||||
| America | 340 | 375 America/MM | 410 Superamerica | 400 Superamerica | 500 Superfast | 365 California | ||||||||||||||||
| < Ferrari timeline 1948–1967 | Ferrari timeline 1960s-1990s | Ferrari timeline 1990–Present > | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||
| 8 cylinder | Mid-engine berlinetta | 308 | 308 i | 308 QV | 328 | 348 | 360 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 208 | 208 Turbo | GTB/GTS Turbo | F355 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-engine 2+2 | 308 GT4 | Mondial 8 | Mondial QV | Mondial 3.2 | Mondial t | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 208 GT4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12 cylinder | Boxer berlinetta | 365 BB | 512 BB | 512i BB | Testarossa | 512TR | F512M | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grand tourer | 250 | 275 | 365 GTB/4 "Daytona" |
550 Maranello | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| America | 330 | 365 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2+2 coupé | 250 GT/E | 330 GT 2+2 | 365 GT 2+2 | 365GTC/4 | GT4 2+2 | 400 | 400 i | 412 | 456 | 456 M | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supercar | 250 GTO | 250 LM | 288 GTO |
F40 | F50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sold under the Dino marque until 1976; see also Ferrari Dino | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sports cars
Ferrari's earliest models were pure sports cars, not the exotics we know today.
Mid-engine V6/V8
The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. V6 and V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production.
- 1968-1975 Dino
- 1968-1973 Dino 206GT
- 1968-1973 Dino 246GT/GTS
- 1975-1989 208/308/328 GTB/GTS
- 1989 348
- 1995-1998 F355
- 1999-2004 Ferrari 360
- 1999-2004 360 Modena/Spider
- 2003-2004 Challenge Stradale
- 2005 F430
2-seat Gran Turismo
Ferrari quickly moved into the Gran Turismo market, and the bulk of the company's sales remain in this area.
- 1952-1967 America
- 1952 340 America
- 1953 375 America
- 1956 410 superamerica
- 1957 410 superamerica III
- 1960 400 superamerica
- 1964 500 Superfast
- 1966 365 California
- 1953-1962 250
- 1952 250S/250MM
- 1953 250 Export/Europa
- 1954-1963 250 GT Europa/Boano/Ellena/Coupe Pininfarina/Lusso
- 1957-1960 250 GT Berlinetta/Cabriolet/California Spyder/SWB
- 1964 330
- 1964-1968 275
- 1968 365
- 1968-1973 Daytona
- 1996-2001 550 Maranello
- 1996-2000 550 Maranello Coupe
- 2001 550 Barchetta
- 2002-2004 575M Maranello
- 2004 Barchetta
- 2005 Superamerica
- 2006 Ferrari 600 Imola
Mid-engine 2+2
For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were very closely-related to the 308 GTB.
- 1974-1980 208/308 GT4
- 1974-1975 Dino 308GT4
- 1976-1980 308GT4
- 1975 208 GT4
- 1980 Mondial
- 1980 Mondial 8
- 1982 Mondial Quattrovalvole
- 1983 Mondial Cabriolet
- 1985 3.2 Mondial/3.2 Cabriolet
- 1989 Mondial T
Front-engine-2+2
http://www.manager-magazin.de/img/0,1020,302408,00.jpg
The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the current 612 Scaglietti.
- 1960-1963 250
- 1960-1963 250 GT 2+2
- 1964-1967 330
- 1964-1967 330 GT 2+2
- 1967-1971 365
- 1967-1971 365 GT 2+2
- 1968-1973 365 Daytona
- 1971-1972 365 GTC4
- 1972-1976 365 GT4 2+2
- 1976-1989 400/412
- 1976 400 Automatic
- 1979 400i
- 1985 412
- 1992-2003 456/456M
- 1992-1997 456 GT/GTA Coupe
- 1998-2003 456M GT Coupe
- 2004-2005 612 Scaglietti
Mid-engine 12-cylinder
Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the flattened Berlinetta Boxer in 1971. The later Testarossa remains one of the most famous Ferraris.
- 1971-1984 512 Berlinetta Boxer
- 1971 365 GT4 BB
- 1976 512BB
- 1981 512iBB
- 1984-1996 Testarossa
- 1984-1992 Testarossa
- 1992-1994 512TR
- 1994-1996 F512M
Supercars
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Scarsdale_Concours_Enzo_2.jpg/250px-Scarsdale_Concours_Enzo_2.jpg The company's loftiest efforts have been in the supercar market.
- 1962 250 GTO
- 1984 288 GTO
- 1988-1992 F40
- 1995-1997 F50
- 2003 Enzo Ferrari
- 2007 Ferrari 599
Competition models
Current
Past
- 1947 125 Sport
- 1948 166
- 1949 125 F1
- 1951 340 America
- 1952 250MM
- 1953 340 MM
- 1953 375 MM
- 1954 750 Monza
- 1954 250 Monza
- 1956 250 Testa Rossa
- 1960 250 TR60/61
- 1962 GTO
- 1963 P/LM series
- 1969 312 P
- 1969 512 S
- 1971 312 PB
- 1994 333 SP
- 1996 F50 GT
See also
External links
- The official Ferrari website (in Italian, English and German)
- The Galleria Ferrari museum website (in Italian and English)
- Ferrari Forum - Networking the Ferrari World
- An online Ferrari community
- myAutoWorld.com Ferrari Profiles and Reviews