Difference between revisions of "Campania"

Latest revision as of 10:35, 14 June 2009

Campania is a region of Southern Italy, bordering on Lazio to the north-west, Molise to the north, Puglia to the north-east, Basilicata to the east, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. The region covers 13,595 km² and has a population of 5.7 million.

Provinces of Campania

Campania is divided into the provinces of Avellino, Benevento, Caserta, Naples (Napoli), and Salerno. The regional capital is Naples (Napoli).

The name derives from Latin, as it was called by Romans Campania felix ("fortunate countryside"), a name that is shared by the French province of Champagne.

Tourist attractions include the Sibyl's cave at Cumae, the Greek temples at Paestum, the Roman ruins at Pompeii and Herculaneum, the volcanoes of Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia, the Amalfi Coast (Costiera Amalfitana) from Sorrento to Salerno and the islands of Capri, Ischia and Procida.

History

Campania was part of Magna Graecia, the Greek colonies of southern Italy; the first Greek colony was founded at Cumae, north of present day Naples, in the 8th century BCE. Etruscans and Samnites gave way to the expanding Roman Republic.

In 217 BCE Hannibal entered Campania and by burning the crops of these fertile lowlands hoped to provoke the Roman commander Fabius Maximus Cunctator (the delayer). In this Hannibal failed; nor did he sufficiently weaken Roman prestige for any of the Campanian towns to rebel. Fabius, in turn failed to trap Hannibal in Campania when Hannibal used the ruse of tying burning brands to the horns of cattle, so drawing off the force guarding a vital pass out of Campania. In 216 BCE, however, after Hannibal's victory at the battle of Cannae, Capua, the leading city of Campania, wavered. They first requested complete equality with Rome, including the demand that one of the Roman consuls should be elected from Capua. When Rome rejected this, they opened negotiations with Hannibal who was more than willing to endorse the full independence they sought. The defection of Capua did not however inspire other Campanian towns so Capua was isolated and the Romans were eventually, in Hannibal's absence, able to build siege works round the city. As Hannibal proved unable to break the siege, Capua was eventually starved into submission in 211 BCE.

Naples and the Vesuvius are international symbols of Italy

Campania was the breadbasket of Rome, until the acquisition of Egypt brought greater supplies of grain, resulting in the conversion of smallholdings in Campania to the characteristic latifundia that lasted from the Empire to modern times. Goths and the Byzantine Empire struggled for control during the 5th and 6th centuries, followed by the Lombards, who established the Duchy of Benevento. The Normans (Robert Guiscard) conquered and re-unified Campania during the 11th and 12th centuries, seizing southern Italy from the Byzantines, forming the Kingdom of Sicily. After the Hohenstaufen confrontation with the Papacy, the kingdom passed to Charles of Anjou who retained his mainland territories after he lost Sicily (1282) as the Kingdom of Naples, reunited with Sicily by Alfonso V of Aragon (1442) who styled himself the 'King of two Sicilies', a title that was subsequently revived during the Spanish domination (1504 – 1713) of both kingdoms. The Bourbons succeeded in 1713: prior to the unification of Italy, Campania formed part of the Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Demographics

Despite large and prosperous cities like Napoli, Campania has not attracted many immigrants. The number of immigrants is low comparing to the northern regions of Italy and is like the other southern regions where immigrant numbers are minimal.

Italian: 5,659,702 or 98.8%
Ukrainian: 12,718 or 0.2%

Those who are Moroccan, Albanian, and Polish are next largest, but again, make extremely small numbers.

Drinks and cuisine

Campania is often acknowledged as the birthplace of pizza.

It is also home to the Lacryma Christi wine denomination.

Campania is regarded throughout Italy as the producer of the best Mozzarella di Bufala (Mozzarella made from buffalo milk).

Main Football Teams

U.S. Avellino which plays in Serie B
Salernitana Calcio 1919 playing in Serie C1/A
S.S.C. Napoli playing in Serie B
S.S. Juve Stabia from Castellammare di Stabia which plays in Serie C1/B
S.S. Cavese 1919 from Cava de' Tirreni which plays in Serie C1/B
A.G. Nocerina 1910 playing in Serie C2/C

External links

Regions of Italy
		Abruzzo • Aosta Valley • Apulia • Basilicata • Calabria • Campania • Emilia-Romagna • Friuli-Venezia Giulia • Lazio • Liguria • Lombardy • Marche • Molise • Piedmont • Sardinia • Sicily • Trentino-South Tyrol • Tuscany • Umbria • Veneto

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{otheruses}}
+{{X}}
 {{Infobox_RegionIT |
    name              = Campania |
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
    isocode           = &nbsp; |
    capital           = [[Naples]] |
-   governor          = Antonio Bassolino<br>(''[[The Union (political coalition)|The Union]]'') |
+   governor          = [[Antonio Bassolino]]<br>(''[[Democrats of the Left|DS]]''-''[[The Union (political coalition)|Union]]'') |
    zone              = [[Southern Italy]] |
    province          = [[Avellino Province|Avellino]]<br>[[Benevento Province|Benevento]] <br>[[Caserta Province|Caserta]]<br>[[Naples Province|Naples]] <br>[[Salerno Province|Salerno]] |
    municipality      = 551 |
    arearank          = 12th |
-   area              = 13,590 |
+   area              = 13,595 |
    areapercent       = 4.5 |
-   population_as_of  = 2003 est. |
+   population_as_of  = 2006 est. |
    populationrank    = 2nd |
-   population        = 5,725,098 |
+   population        = 5,790,929 |
-   populationpercent = 10.0 |
+   populationpercent = 9.8 |
-   populationdensity = 421 |
+   populationdensity = 426 |
-   coatofarms        = [[Image:Campania-Bandiera.png]]|
+   coatofarms        = [[Image:Campania-Bandiera.png|250px]]|
    map               = [[Image:Italy Regions Campania 220px.png]]|
 }}
-'''Campania''' is a region of [[Southern Italy]], bordering on [[Lazio]] to the north-west, [[Molise]] to the north, [[Puglia]] to the north-east, [[Basilicata]] to the east, and the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]] to the west. The region covers 13,595 [[square kilometre|km&sup2;]] and has a population of 5.7 million.
-The name derives from [[Latin]], as it was called by [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] '''Campania felix''' ("fortunate countryside"), a name that is shared by the French province of [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]].
-The regional capital is [[Naples]] (Napoli).
+'''Campania''' is a region of [[Southern Italy]], bordering on [[Lazio]] to the north-west, [[Molise]] to the north, [[Puglia]] to the north-east, [[Basilicata]] to the east, and the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]] to the west. The region covers 13,595 [[square kilometre|km²]] and has a population of 5.7 million.
+[[Image:Campania Provinces.png|thumb|left|250px|Provinces of Campania]]
+Campania is divided into the provinces of [[Province of Avellino|Avellino]], [[Province of Benevento|Benevento]], [[Province of Caserta|Caserta]], [[Province of Naples|Naples (Napoli)]], and [[Province of Salerno|Salerno]]. The regional capital is [[Naples]] (Napoli).
-Tourist attractions include the [[Cumaean Sibyl|Sibyl]]'s cave at [[Cumae]], the [[Greek temple]]s at [[Paestum]], the Roman ruins at [[Pompeii]] and [[Herculaneum]], the volcanoes of [[Mount Vesuvius|Vesuvius]] and [[Solfatara (volcano)|Solfatara]], the [[Amalfi Coast]] (''Costiera Amalfitana'') from [[Sorrento,_Italy|Sorrento]] to Salerno, and the islands of [[Capri]] and [[Ischia]].
+The name derives from [[Latin]], as it was called by [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] '''Campania felix''' ("fortunate countryside"), a name that is shared by the French province of [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]].
-[[Image:Naples.jpg|220px|Naples and the Vesuvius]]
+Tourist attractions include the [[Cumaean Sibyl|Sibyl]]'s cave at [[Cumae]], the [[Greek temple]]s at [[Paestum]], the Roman ruins at [[Pompeii]] and [[Herculaneum]], the volcanoes of [[Mount Vesuvius|Vesuvius]], [[Campi Flegrei]] and [[Ischia]], the [[Amalfi Coast]] (''Costiera Amalfitana'') from [[Sorrento, Italy|Sorrento]] to Salerno and the islands of [[Capri]], [[Ischia]] and [[Procida]].
 ==History== <!--expand these notes-->
-Campania was part of [[Magna Graecia]], the Greek colonies of southern Italy; the first Greek colony was founded at [[Cumae]], north of present day Naples, in the 8th century BC. [[Etruscans]] and [[Samnites]] gave way to the expanding [[Roman Republic]].
+Campania was part of [[Magna Graecia]], the Greek colonies of southern Italy; the first Greek colony was founded at [[Cumae]], north of present day Naples, in the 8th century BCE. [[Etruscans]] and [[Samnites]] gave way to the expanding [[Roman Republic]].
 In [[217 BCE]] [[Hannibal]] entered Campania and by burning the crops of these fertile lowlands hoped to provoke the  Roman commander [[Fabius Maximus Cunctator]] (the delayer).  In this Hannibal failed; nor did he sufficiently weaken Roman prestige for any of the Campanian towns to rebel.  Fabius, in turn failed to trap Hannibal in Campania when Hannibal used the ruse of tying burning brands to the horns of cattle, so drawing off the force guarding a vital pass out of Campania.  In [[216 BCE]], however, after Hannibal's victory at the [[battle of Cannae]], [[Capua]], the leading city of Campania, wavered.  They first requested complete equality with Rome, including the demand that one of the Roman [[consul]]s should be elected from Capua.  When Rome rejected this, they opened negotiations with Hannibal who was more than willing to endorse the full independence they sought.  The defection of Capua did not however inspire other Campanian towns so Capua was isolated and the Romans were eventually, in Hannibal's absence, able to build siege works round the city.  As Hannibal proved unable to break the siege, Capua was eventually starved into submission in [[211 BCE]].
+[[Image:Naples.jpg|220px|thumb|left|'''Naples and the Vesuvius are international symbols of Italy''']]
 Campania was the breadbasket of Rome, until the acquisition of [[Egypt]] brought greater supplies of grain, resulting in the conversion of smallholdings in Campania to the characteristic [[latifundia]] that lasted from the Empire to modern times.  [[Goths]] and the [[Byzantine Empire]] struggled for control during the 5th and 6th centuries, followed by the [[Lombards]], who established the [[Duchy of Benevento]]. The [[Normans]] ([[Robert Guiscard]]) conquered and re-unified Campania during the 11th and 12th centuries, seizing southern Italy from the Byzantines, forming the [[Kingdom of Sicily]]. After the [[Hohenstaufen]] confrontation with the [[Papacy]], the kingdom passed to [[Charles of Anjou]] who retained his mainland territories after he lost Sicily ([[1282]]) as the [[Kingdom of Naples]], reunited with Sicily by [[Alfonso V of Aragon]] ([[1442]]) who styled himself the 'King of two Sicilies', a title that was subsequently revived during the Spanish domination ([[1504]] &ndash; [[1713]]) of both kingdoms. The Bourbons succeeded in 1713: prior to the unification of Italy, Campania formed part of the Bourbon [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]].
@@ Line 41: / Line 44: @@
 Despite large and prosperous cities like [[Napoli]], Campania has not attracted many immigrants. The number of immigrants is low comparing to the northern regions of Italy and is like the other southern regions where immigrant numbers are minimal.
-*[[Italian]]: 5,659,702 or 98.8%
+*[[Italian people|Italian]]: 5,659,702 or 98.8%
-*[[Ukrainian]]: 12,718 or 0.2%
+*[[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]: 12,718 or 0.2%
-Those who are [[Moroccan]], [[Albanian]], and [[Polish]] are next largest, but again, make extremely small numbers.
+Those who are [[Moroccan]], [[Albanians|Albanian]], and [[Poland|Polish]] are next largest, but again, make extremely small numbers.
+==Drinks and cuisine==
+Campania is often acknowledged as the birthplace of [[pizza]].
+It is also home to the [[Lacryma Christi]] wine denomination.
+Campania is regarded throughout Italy as the producer of the best [[Mozzarella]] di Bufala (Mozzarella made from buffalo milk).
+==Main Football Teams==
+* [[U.S. Avellino]] which plays in [[Serie B]]
+* [[Salernitana Calcio 1919]] playing in [[Serie C1/A]]
+* [[S.S.C. Napoli]] playing in [[Serie B]]
+* [[S.S. Juve Stabia]] from [[Castellammare di Stabia]] which plays in [[Serie C1/B]]
+* [[S.S. Cavese 1919]] from [[Cava de' Tirreni]] which plays in [[Serie C1/B]]
+* [[A.G. Nocerina 1910]] playing in [[Serie C2/C]]
 ==External links==
 *[http://www.regione.campania.it Official Region homepage]
 *[http://www.italy-weather-and-maps.com/maps/italy/campania.gif Map of Campania]
-*[http://en.comuni-italiani.it/15/index.html Comuni-Italiani.com] (directory with summary information about the major towns, useful links)
+*[http://www.italianvisits.com/campania ItalianVisits.com: Campania]
-*{{Wikitravel}}
+*[http://karalus.free.fr/files/italie_italia_italy/Campania_campanie.php A trip in pictures of the nicest place of Campania]
-*[http://www.italianvisits.com/campania ItalianVisits.com]
+{{Regions of Italy}}
-{{Italy}}
+[[Category:Wine regions of Italy]]
-[[Category:Campania]]
-[[Category:NUTS 2 Statistical Regions of Europe]]